Spain and Morocco remain closely connected through trade and industry, despite differences over security and regional issues. A new analysis published on October 21 examines the military balance between the two neighbours and the economic links that shape their relationship.
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The report, published by the International Affairs Institute (IARI), was written by Filippo Sardella. It argues that military comparisons must consider operational readiness, training and logistics, rather than equipment numbers alone.
Spain and Morocco Maintain Different Military Strengths
According to the analysis, Spain retains advantages in air and naval capabilities, defence industry and cooperation with its allies. Meanwhile, Morocco has expanded its land forces and invested in rocket artillery, surveillance systems and air defence.
However, the report cautions against drawing conclusions from equipment inventories alone. The delivery, maintenance and integration of military systems all affect their operational value.
The author also notes that tensions over borders, migration and maritime issues remain potential sources of friction. However, the analysis does not suggest that a direct military confrontation is imminent.
Trade Remains a Key Link Between the Two Countries
Economic ties form a major part of the relationship. The report puts bilateral merchandise trade at approximately €22.76 billion in 2025, citing figures from Spain’s customs statistics and the EFE news agency.
It estimates Spanish exports to Morocco at €12.33 billion, while imports from Morocco reached around €10.43 billion.
The report also highlights the automotive industry, where companies operate across both markets. Manufacturers and suppliers rely on production networks that connect industrial sites in Morocco with assembly plants in Spain.
In addition, the ports of Tanger Med and Algeciras play important roles in regional logistics. Although they compete for cargo, they also support connected trade routes across the Strait of Gibraltar.
Economic Interdependence Shapes Future Risks
The analysis argues that these commercial links raise the potential cost of a prolonged dispute for both countries. Automotive production, transport and other industries could face disruption if political or customs tensions escalated.
Nevertheless, economic ties do not remove every source of friction. The author identifies localised territorial, maritime and diplomatic disputes as areas to watch.
Overall, the report presents Spain-Morocco relations as a mix of military competition and economic interdependence. It suggests that future developments will depend not only on defence spending, but also on diplomatic relations and changes in military readiness.
- Source: International Affairs Institute (IARI), analysis by Filippo Sardella, published October 21, 2026.